Description

Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Lixisenatide inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and blocks of cellular signaling pathways. Lixisenatide decreases atheroma plaque size and instability in Apoe−/− Irs2+/− mice by reprogramming macrophages towards an M2 phenotype, which leads to reduced inflammation[2][3][5].–80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (Powder, sealed storage, away from moisture)–Metabolism-sugar/lipid metabolism–C215H347N61O65S—-[1]Ahrén B et al. Postprandial Glucagon Reductions Correlate to Reductions in Postprandial Glucose and Glycated Hemoglobin with Lixisenatide Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2016 Jun 18|[2]Lorenz M, et al. Effects of lixisenatide once daily on gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes–relationship to postprandial glycemia. Regul Pept. 2013 Aug 10;185:1-8.|[3]D Tews, et al. Enhanced protection against cytokine- and fatty acid-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells by combined treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and insulin analogues. Horm Metab Res. 2008 Mar;40(3):172-80.|[4]Ulrich Werner, et al. Pharmacological profile of lixisenatide: A new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Regul Pept. 2010 Sep 24;164(2-3):58-64.|[5]Mikkel Christensen, et al. Lixisenatide, a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. IDrugs. 2009 Aug;12(8):503-13.|[6]Du X, et al. The protective effects of lixisenatide against inflammatory response in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes [J]. International immunopharmacology, 2019, 75: 105732.|[7]Abdel-Latif R G, et al. Low-dose lixisenatide protects against early-onset nephropathy induced in diabetic rats [J]. Life Sciences, 2020, 263: 118592.|[8]Xiao M, et al. The protective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced deregulation of endothelial tube formation [J]. RSC advances, 2020, 10(17): 10245-10253.|[9]Cai H Y, et al. Lixisenatide attenuates the detrimental effects of amyloid β protein on spatial working memory and hippocampal neurons in rats [J]. Behavioural brain research, 2017, 318: 28-35.|[10]Vinué Á, et al. The GLP-1 analogue lixisenatide decreases atherosclerosis in insulin-resistant mice by modulating macrophage phenotype [J]. Diabetologia, 2017, 60: 1801-1812.–320367-13-3–4858.49–99.93–O=C(NCC(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(NCC(N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(N[C@@H](CCSC)C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(N[C@@H](C)C(N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(N[C@@H](CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C34)C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(NCC(NCC(N5[C@@H](CCC5)C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@@H](CO)C(NCC(N[C@@H](C)C(N6[C@@H](CCC6)C(N7[C@@H](CCC7)C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)[C@H](CC8=CNC=N8)N–Metabolic Disease; Inflammation/Immunology; Neurological Disease–H2O : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic)–Akt;GCGR;JNK;MEK;MMP–MEK1;MEK2;MMP-1;MMP-13;MMP-3–GPCR/G Protein;MAPK/ERK Pathway;Metabolic Enzyme/Protease;PI3K/Akt/mTOR–Peptides